{"id":1901,"date":"2023-06-19T15:28:06","date_gmt":"2023-06-19T06:28:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hkd.co.jp\/wordpress\/?post_type=amr&#038;p=1901"},"modified":"2023-10-13T20:00:40","modified_gmt":"2023-10-13T11:00:40","slug":"amr_tec_suichoku","status":"publish","type":"amr","link":"https:\/\/hkd.co.jp\/english\/amr\/amr_tec_suichoku\/","title":{"rendered":"Technical data\uff1avertical type AMR sensor working principle"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color\" style=\"color:#2f739d;font-size:34px\"><strong>Technical data\uff1avertical type AMR sensor working principle<\/strong><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"amr_tec_links\">\n\t<ul>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hkd.co.jp\/english\/amr\/amr_tec\/\">AMR sensor working principle<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hkd.co.jp\/english\/amr\/amr_tec_sudare\/\">Parallel sensingline type AMR sensor working principle<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/hkd.co.jp\/english\/amr\/amr_tec_suichoku\/\">Vertical type AMR sensor working principle<\/a><\/li>\n\t<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:80%\">\n<div class=\"wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Wpv_fkkwkkw?rel=0\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/nplRxAM0Qwg?rel=0\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">The figure 17<\/mark><\/strong> shows the form of ferromagnetic thin film metals on the AMR sensor utilizing the principle to detect the field direction in the filed whose strength exceeds the saturated sensitivity region. This AMR sensor has two ferromagnetic thin film metal elements, which are R1 arranged perpendicularly and R2 arranged horizontally. They are connected in series. We call this type \u3010vertical type MR sensor\u3011.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The change of resistance caused by applying the magnetic field to the horizontal direction (X) is the largest for the element (R1), and the smallest for the element (R2). As shown in <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">the figure 17<\/mark><\/strong>, If the magnetic field that strength,which reaches saturated sensitivity region applies, and the angle change\u03b8, which is applied against the direction of the magnetic field Y, the resistances of R1 and R2 are shown by the following expressions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color\" style=\"color:#0070c0\"><strong>R<sub>1<\/sub>=R<sub>0<\/sub>-\u2206Rsin<sup>2<\/sup> \u03b8\u2026\uff084\uff09<\/strong><br><strong>R<sub>2<\/sub>=R<sub>0<\/sub>-\u2206Rcos<sup>2<\/sup> \u03b8\u2026\uff085\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"330\" height=\"199\" src=\"http:\/\/hkd.co.jp\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/amr_tec_suichoku_il_01.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1905\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"553\" height=\"96\" src=\"http:\/\/hkd.co.jp\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/amr_tec_suichoku_formulas2.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2122\" style=\"width:180px;height:32px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hkd.co.jp\/english\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/amr_tec_suichoku_formulas2.jpg 553w, https:\/\/hkd.co.jp\/english\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/amr_tec_suichoku_formulas2-300x52.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 553px) 100vw, 553px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:10px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"656\" height=\"402\" src=\"http:\/\/hkd.co.jp\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/amr_tec_suichoku_formulas3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2123\" style=\"width:220px;height:134px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hkd.co.jp\/english\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/amr_tec_suichoku_formulas3.jpg 656w, https:\/\/hkd.co.jp\/english\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/amr_tec_suichoku_formulas3-300x184.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 656px) 100vw, 656px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"330\" height=\"178\" src=\"http:\/\/hkd.co.jp\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/amr_tec_suichoku_il_02.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1906\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>When arranging the elements as shown in <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">the figure 19<\/mark><\/strong>, they form the known Wheatstone bridge.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"330\" height=\"219\" src=\"http:\/\/hkd.co.jp\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/amr_tec_suichoku_il_03.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1907\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Following explains the change of the field direction caused by the magnet motion (<strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">figure 20<\/mark><\/strong>: rotary motion, <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">figure 21<\/mark><\/strong>: linear motion), and the AMR sensor output. In both of <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">the figures 20 and 21<\/mark><\/strong>, an AMR sensor is arranged so that the change of the field direction can have an influence on the sensor, with a gap (distance between the magnet and the AMR sensor) where the field strength exceeding the saturated sensitivity region will be applied to the sensor. In <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">the figure 20<\/mark><\/strong>, when the magnet is rotated one time, the filed direction rotates one time on the sensor. Accordingly, the output wave becomes two cycles from the expression (7) Vout=Vcc\/2\uff0b\u03b1cos2\u03b8. In <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">the figure 21<\/mark><\/strong>, when the magnet moves for the distance \u03bb, the filed direction rotates a half on the sensor. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"330\" height=\"468\" src=\"http:\/\/hkd.co.jp\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/amr_tec_suichoku_il_04.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1908\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"330\" height=\"458\" src=\"http:\/\/hkd.co.jp\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/amr_tec_suichoku_il_05.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1909\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>In addition, as for information of the motion direction, it can be obtained either by arranging two AMR sensors at the location of a-and-b or a-and-d shown in <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">the figure 21<\/mark><\/strong>, or by putting two sensors together and rotating one by 45\u00b0as shown in <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">the figure 22<\/mark><\/strong>. These arrangement has an advantage to obtain two output signals phase shifted by 1\/4 cycle(90\u00b0) at any pole-magnetization pitch \u03bb.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"330\" height=\"303\" src=\"http:\/\/hkd.co.jp\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/amr_tec_suichoku_il_06.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1910\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>However, as for the arrangement of two sensors, there are two issues, the mechanical positioning and the characteristic difference between sensors. <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">The figure 23<\/mark><\/strong> shows the AMR sensor to solve these issues. The method is to put two full bridge elements together, rotate one by 45\u00b0, and arrange them on one board. That will be able to solve the issues, and make precise sine waves and cosine waves with only one AMR sensor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"330\" height=\"376\" src=\"http:\/\/hkd.co.jp\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/amr_tec_suichoku_il_07.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1911\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p>In addition, a bias filed is also applied to the direction rotated by 45\u00b0against to the sensing elements on a sensor as shown in <strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-vivid-red-color\">the figure 24<\/mark><\/strong>.This will reduce the cycle by half, and enable to distinguish N pole with S pole, as same as the Hall element. Moreover, it is the best to make the filed strength of the bias magnet same as the strength which shifts into the saturated sensitivity region.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"330\" height=\"334\" src=\"http:\/\/hkd.co.jp\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/amr_tec_suichoku_il_08.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1912\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:60px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"amr-cat":[16],"class_list":["post-1901","amr","type-amr","status-publish","hentry","amr-cat-amr_doc"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hkd.co.jp\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/amr\/1901","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hkd.co.jp\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/amr"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hkd.co.jp\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/amr"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hkd.co.jp\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1901"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"amr-cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hkd.co.jp\/english\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/amr-cat?post=1901"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}